Titanium dioxide (TiO2) can be used as a pigment base in applications such as coatings, plastics, and laminates. No matter the application, it is important to avoid the coagulation and agglomeration of the TiO2 dispersion during both the pigment production process and the end-use manufacturing process.
The surface chemistry of TiO2 dispersions can be controlled through the measurement of electrokinetic-sonic-amplitude (ESA) by regulating the pH value (e.g., for avoiding flocculation of the dispersion). This means that the zeta potential of the dispersion should not be or close to zero. Zeta potential is a dimension of the effective surface charge of particles and the interaction between the particles with ions in solution and particles among each other.