I have worked with companies that manufacture superglue and polyurethane glue, both of which are single-component, no-mix adhesives. Superglue, which is the common term for cyanoacrylate adhesive, has been around for about 60 years. In contrast, the polyurethanes are about 20 years old in the retail market and somewhat older in professional woodworking. I admit to using both types of adhesive regularly.
Cyanoacrylates are particularly good for virtually instant repairs on a wide range of materials, as long as the parts are close fitting (curing is initiated from traces of moisture on the surfaces). Polyurethane glues cure much more slowly, often taking 24 hrs for maximum strength. They depend on atmospheric moisture diffusing in from the outside of the bond, although cure can be speeded up by dampening the part surfaces. Clamping is often required during curing. Polyurethanes are particularly good for bonding porous surfaces like wood, and that is where I use them most often.